Elements of a valid contract - Free Essay Example

Introduction (125 words) We bump into contracts almost every day. Contracts are usually being made orally e.g. boarding a train, purchasing coffee at a shop, purchase cloth at an online store. However occasionally written contracts are sometimes required, such as when buying a car or an apartment. A contract were created because that there is an agreement between two parties which is enforceable by law. Offer and acceptance analysis is a common methodology in contract law used to determine whether an agreement exists amongst the two parties. The others are consideration and intention to create legal relationship between parties in forming a contract. The Law of Contract in Malaysia is governed by the Contract Acts 1950. Section 2(h)1 states that an agreement enforceable by law is a contract. Elements of valid contract (375) Element Explanation Offer When a party or a person signifies his willingness to enter into a contract with another person. An offer is the starting point and the formation of a contract. When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to the act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal – Contract Act 1950. Acceptance When a person to who an offer has been made to another person and that person makes an acceptance to the offer made. The basic rule on contract acceptance is that the person who made the offer and the person who accepted the offer must correspond with each other. Consideration It is the price of the promises made. For example Ahmad sell his car for RM80k to Ali. In this case, car is the consideration of Ali and RM80k is the consideration of Ahmad. Capacity Each contracting party must have the capacity to enter into its contract. Such person must have reached the age of majority according to the Age of Majority Act 1971 and be of sound mind at the time when the contract is made. When the law limits a person for engaging the contract, the contract is voidable for incapacity. Intention Two parties which enter into a contract must have intimate relationship between them to create legal relations. If there are no intentions between both parties, then there is no intention to create the agreement. Agreements of a social or domestic nature do not contemplate legal relationship; as such they are not contracts. Free Consent A person is deemed not to freely consent to enter into a contract if he is influenced by coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation and mistake when entering into the contract. â€Å"Two or more persons are set to consent when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense† Indian Contract Act, Section 13. Certainty A contract must contain conditions which are clear in meaning and not vague or uncertain. Contracts which are vague cannot be enforce by law. The content of the contract must be clear an understandable in oral or in writings. Valid Object A contract made must be for matters which are not against the law. There are certain agreements which have been expressly declared void by the law such as illegal activities. Some invalid objects examples are unnatural events like bringing life from the death, immoral events or opposed to the public policies. First Element of Contract: Offer The first element to constitute a valid contract is offer. Some argue that ‘offer’ and ‘proposal’ have similar meanings. Some jurist indicates that the term ‘offer’ and ‘proposal’ have a slight different meaning. In fact, the word ‘proposal’ which is used in the Malaysian Contracts Act 1950 could have a broader meaning than the word ‘offer’ (Dr Adnan Trakic). The starting point in the formation and constitute of a contract is an offer or a proposal. It is an essential and important element of a contract. Without offer or a proposal, contract would not form. Agreements which are not enforceable by law are null and void. The Contracts Act 1950 is a specific Malaysian legislation which governs contracts. The term ‘offer’ has not been defined in this Act, but the term ‘proposal’ has. At first sight, it seems that the meaning of an offer and a pr oposal is the same, but linguistically, as well as from a legal point of view, a difference can be drawn between these two terms. The word ‘proposal’ has a rather general meaning compared to the word ‘offer’ which is more specific. Nevertheless, the definition of ‘proposal’ in s 2(a) of the Contracts Act 1950 implies the definition of an offer under Common law. There are two types of offer, one is unilateral and the other one is supply of information. In a unilateral contract, the party who made an offer that makes promise if other party performing a certain act, the offer is accepted when the act is performed. Unilateral case is shown in the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company. In this case, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co made an advertisement that anyone who, by using their product, ie carbolic smoke balls, contracts influenza will be rewarded with $100. In fact, they deposited $1000 with Alliance Bank displaying the seriousness of their offer. Mrs Carlill used the carbolic smoke balls as prescribed and yet she caught influenza. As a result of it, she claimed the $100 reward. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co contended that there was no binding contract between the parties as their statement was addressed to the whole world, and it is impossible to have a contract with the whole world. The Court of Appeal observed that the contract cannot be concluded with the whole world, but that an offer can be made to the whole world, and the parties who come forward and accept an offer would be in a contractual relationship with the offeror. (Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, 1892). The second type of offer is bilateral. In a bilateral contract, both parties are bound by their exchange of promises. For example, A sell car to B for RM50k and B will only buy car from A for RM50k if A sell the car with upgraded sports rim. A agreed to sell car to B for RM50k with upgraded sports rim that B requested. Second Element: Acceptance The second element to form a contract is acceptance. According to Contract Act section 2 (b), acceptance is the final expression of assent to the terms of an offer. Acceptance is a final and unqualified expression to the terms of an offer as mention in section 7 of Contract Act 1950. In an acceptance, the acceptor is agreed to the offer and its terms from the offeror, unless it is a counter-offer. In Hyde v Wrench case demonstrate that counter-offer cancels the original offer. Wrench offered to sell his farm in Luddenham to Hyde for  £1000, an offer which Hyde declined. On 6 June 1840 Wrench wrote to Hydes agent offering to sell the farm for  £1000, stating that it was the final offer and that he would not alter from it. Hyde offered  £950 in his letter by 8 June, and after examining the offer Wrench refused to accept, and informed Hyde of this on 27 June. On the 29th Hyde agreed to buy the farm for  £1000 without any additional agreement from Wrench, and after Wrench refuse d to sell the farm to him he sued for breach of contract. Under the circumstances there exists no valid binding contract between the parties for the purchase of this property. The defendant offered to sell it for  £1000, and if that had been at once unconditionally accepted there would undoubtedly have been a perfect binding contract; instead of that, the plaintiff made an offer of his own, to purchase the property for  £950, and he thereby rejected the offer previously made by the defendant. It was not afterwards competent for Hyde to revive the proposal, by tendering an acceptance of it and that; therefore, there exists no obligation of any sort between the parties (Hyde v Wrench, 1840). The acceptance must be communicated, whereby the communication of the offer is completed once the acceptances become knowledge to the offeree. The acceptance must be communicated to the offeree, that the person who made the offer. If another person accepts the offer on his behalf without hi s authorization, the acceptance is not valid. Silence cannot be construed as an acceptance. Example case Felthouse v Bindley, the offeror cannot write the words â€Å"If I Hear no more from you, it means that you have accepted the offer† (Felthouse v Bindley, 1862). Third Element: Intention Another element to form a valid contract is intention with the intent to create a legal relationship between both or more parties. In a social or domestic nature in an agreement, the law created a presumption that the agreement does not have intention to create a legal relationship. In this third element, there are two types of agreement that often used by people which is first; the social agreement. Social agreements are usually made by friends or families, without the intention being enforceable. For example children and parents, a domestic agreement, does not create a legal relationship. In the example case of Merrit v Merrit, the principle rebutted where two spouses who formed an agreement over their matrimonial home were not on good terms. Mr. Merritt and his wife jointly owned a house. Mr. Merritt left to live with another woman. They made an agreement (signed) that Mr. Merritt would pay Mrs. Merritt a  £40 monthly sum, and eventually transfer the house to her, if Mrs. Merritt kept up the monthly mortgage payments. When the mortgage was paid Mr. Merritt refused to transfer the house (Merrit v Merrit, 1970). The other type of agreement for this element is business agreements. Business agreements are treat differently than social or domestic agreement by the law. The agreement revoked if evidence is produced that there was clearly no intention to create a legally binding agreement. For example the case Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, where the defendant made an extravagant claims in advertisement about the ability of their smoke ball in preventing influenza. The advertisement that they advertised in newspaper is that if anyone who, by using their product, ie carbolic smoke balls, contracts influenza will be rewarded with $100. In fact, they deposited $1000 with Alliance Bank displaying the seriousness of their offer. The defendant contended that the advertisement in the newspaper was â€Å"a mere puff† and was not intended to create a legal relationship with the public. However the court rejected this appeal as the bank deposit was a strong evidence that the defendant had intended a legal accountability when they issued their advertisement (Carlil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company, 1892). Fourth Element: Consideration The fourth element in an agreement or contract is consideration. Consideration is referring the price paid in exchange or price agreed for both parties to perform an act. For an agreement to be considered as a contract, it must either be supported by consideration or be a formal contract. As stated in the Contracts Act 1950, when at the desire of promisor, the promise or any other person has done absta ined from doing, or does or obtains of doing, or promises to do or to abstain from doing something such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise. The promisor is the person who undertaking to perform the consideration and the other hand the promisee, is the acceptance of the consideration. Considerations that have already performed is said to be executed. In this element, a mere promise into a contract that law will enforce. For examples, Amir wants to buy car from Abu for RM20k and Abu sold the price with RM20k as considered the price is justifiable. Another example, Pian agrees to sell his bike to Lin, who agrees to pay RM 1000. If Lin pays the money in return for the bike and the contract is made, then this is a present consideration. If the payment and the transfer ownership of the bike are to take place at a time after the contract is made, then the consideration is future consideration. If Lin is to purchase Pian’s bike for RM 1000 and Pian is to reply on work that Lin performed for Pian last week, then it is called past consideration. The act that of consideration is already past. Recommendation Offer and proposal should be clearly stated in the Contracts Act 1950, whereby the proposal terms should be define as it coverage is wider prospect. Although it has similarity to the terms offer, proposal should have a separate section as guidance for forming contract. Recommendation to amend the Contracts Act 1950 by adding provision(s) on standard form consumer contracts. The problem with this alternative is the general nature of the 1950 Act. It does not have specific provisions dealing with contents or the terms of a contract. A specific legislation on standard form consumer contracts with specific provisions on form and content of the said contract. This method of regulating standard form contracts is regarded as the best method for Malaysia, bearing in mind the limitations of other legislations. Improvement of communication illustrations as mention in Section 2 (4) as modern world has different type of communication example online social media. Suggest that using example of communication via Facebook whereby a promisor promise to offer a gift in return if the promise done an agreed act example click on ‘like’ at the page. The Contracts Act 1950 should have a better act on protecting the consumers. Thus while a consumer can now worry less about whether he or she may claim under a defective contract, the same might not be said for a notice, for example, one notice excluding liability for negligence when using a swimming pool or car park, for example, is not covered, which clearly limits its scope to standard form contracts, and does not mention notices. Children below the age of 16 not competent to enter into a contract of employment. This act should add as an exception as at least people of age as young as 14 years old should enter the contractual of employment. This is because some family may experience difficulties to continue their lives and children as young as 14 years are capable to work and help their families. Scholarship contracts also should amended to 16 years old from 18 years old. This is because some students who have talents may jump to universities earlier. Conclusion It can be concluded that every enforceable contract is based on a mutual agreement between the contracting parties which would not be possible to achieve without an offer and acceptance. The discussion of this paper has been limited only to one of these essential elements for the formation of contracts, ie an offer. Furthermore, in order to have a binding contract, the parties need to come to an agreement. Whether an agreement has been concluded between the parties is a difficult question which needs to be determined by the courts. Thus, the courts would apply the objective test in determining whether an agreement has been achieved on both parties. In conclusi on, our law is good enough but it doesn’t recognized a minor for enter into a contract. But with some amendment, it will benefit the minor.

Integrated Marketing Communication Essay - 275 Words

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Approach (Essay Sample) Content: Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) ApproachNameInstitutionIntegrated Marketing Communications (IMC) ApproachAbstractIntegrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Approach is a concept that emerged late in the 20th century. It is the utilization of unswerving brand messaging across innumerable marketing channels. ICM is thus an emerging approach aimed at establishing brands through messaging that conveys a seamless style and tone across social networking platforms. It also involves organizations dealing directly with their customers. This is done through e-mail marketing newsletters. The main goal of this process is to integrate an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customer-public relationship management roles. This is because online communications and its varied forms come mutually as a fused force. It maximizes the time and monetary marketing budgets usually used up in promoting the overarching product reputation.This paper will provide a detailed description of an IMC ap proach. It will also aim at providing an explanation of the rationale for choosing or rejecting certain specific elements in the IMC approach. It will also seek to delve into the changes are supposed to be made as the product/service matures. Towards this end, an explanation of the message that will be communicated through the brand based on the core strategy will be given. This will be followed by a formulation of how effective communication will meet the target market. The internet will provide an important platform on which to use the IMC approach. This will be coupled with an analysis of the most effective method for measuring advertising effectiveness will be assessed.The IMC components are usually based on a complete service or product understanding as well as the market it serves. This is because brands are viewed either unfavorably or favorably by consumers depending on the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s corporate culture. Email and social media marketing usually assist in the definition of an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s corporate culture for both potential and existing customers (Belch et al, 2001). This is usually done through a consistent promotion of a brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s core message, logo or even style. IMC also calls for the employment of elaborate tracking analytics for any express marketing endeavor aimed at assessing customer responses. These include the use of marketing tools in the social media and web analytics, which entails marketing automation. This is normally enhanced through inbound marketing systems. ICM aims at creating a seamless and a unified brand experience targeting consumers across all marketing channels. It begins with the customer. Marketers are involved in a study of what consumers use. They then assess the impact of the messages they convey to their customers.Schultz and Wangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s 7-step Integrated Marketing Communications Planning ModelAccording to Schultz and Wangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s 7-step Integrated Marketing Communications p lanning model, segmentation classification is the first step. This involves segmentation of the customer base. It also involves studying the prospects of the product in the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s database. This entails paying attention to customer loyalty and brand modifications to suit the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ needs. The second step is the brand connection stage. This aptly analyzes the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customers or the information that is available in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s database. The customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes towards the product/service are assessed. A history of how customers enter into contact with the product/service is delved into. This ensures that the most appropriate situation, place and time to communicate with the customers are determined (Fitzgerald, 2001).The third step entails setting the marketing objectives. The marketing planner sets elaborate marketing objectives which are based on a comprehensive analysis. Fourthly, brand behavior objectives a re identified. Marketers are able to identify the appropriate brand contacts. A study of how changes in consumer attitudes influence purchase behavior is done. The fifth step entails setting of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s communication strategies and objectives. The objectives are tailored-made to influence the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s purchase behavior, beliefs and attitudes. In the sixth step, the marketer is able to decide on what elements within the marketing mix, may it distribution, price or product can be used to enhance the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customer behavior.Lastly, the seventh step aims at determining what are the most appropriate communication tactics are vital as far as influencing consumer behavior is concerned. Media marketing, sales promotion, organizing special events and direct marketing are some of the communication tactics that promote a good corporate image. Objectives are set by marketers based on a comprehensive comprehension of the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ nee ds or even the prospects of improving product/service sales. More importantly, all modes of marketing are turned into communication and all communication into product/service marketing. These steps when followed appropriately will help the organization reach a wider market ((Schultz, 1993).The organizational culture, the 4 Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, advertising, internet/online marketing, customer sales service, public relations, promotions, trade shows and corporate philanthropy are the major Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) components. The organizational culture involves the establishment of elaborate mission and vision statements for the organization. A vision statement is drafted to outlines what the business organization would want to be. An ideal perception of the world is encapsulated.Towards this end, the organization identifies its potential obstacles. This helps in the crafting of innovative strategies integral to bolster the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s performance. The organiz ation looks at the resources that they have in terms of human, capital and financial resources in order to formulate the best approach to carry out the marketing process. The attitudes of business partners and employees are also brought on board. Understanding these attitudes will enable the marketing planners effectuate a realistic strategy that will address the primary needs of the consumers. Moreover, communication in the organization will need to be streamlined as it is the picture of the inward organizational culture and greatly influences the manner through which the organization is perceived by the outside world. It plays a critical in shaping how the external environment perceives the organization. Consequently, this determines how the consumers are going to behave towards the services/products from the organization (Kostant, 1996).The Four Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s will also be a very important component in the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach. The first P includes the price, bundled offerings and the pricing for the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products/services. The organization should set a price after carrying out a market survey to determine the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes and the effect of either a price decrease or a price increase. The second P relates to assessing the product design, usability and accessibility. For the product/service to get a good market reception, it must be designed in manner that is appealing to the customers. Some customers even demand certain important product specifications. The organization should be able to address these significant customer needs. To bolster product accessibility, proper marketing should come in handy. This means that the Integrated Marketing Communication approach will play a vital role as far as improving the product/service marketability is concerned. The organization should ensure that the product/service is usable and that customers to not encounter difficulties while using the product.The third P involves promotion of the product/service. Planners ought to institute mechanisms that will ensure that all avenues that can bolster sales are utilized in a bid to reach out to the existing and potential customers. The last P relates to place. Planners should devise points of purchase, shopper/in-store experience. The main objective of this is to ensure that buyers easily access the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products/services.The company should also engage in intense advertisement. This should be done through mass/broadcasting advertisement, which is done through print, broadcasts, internet advertising, radio, television and commercials. Moreover, outdoor advertising, which entails the use of street furniture, rest areas, stadiums, taxis, transit, subway advertising and billboards is an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) technique that will ensure that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products/service reach as many customers as possible. Online advertising is done through email ads , blogs, newsletters, media ads, classified ads, banner ads, search engine results page and mobile advertising will equally widen the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customer base. This is an important avenue through which the company is able to communicate with its customers. This means that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s marketing is communication and every communication is marketing.Lastly, direct marketing involving direct mails to existing and potential customers, catalogs, shopping channels, emails, internet sales, online display advertisements, promotion letters, outdoor advertisements, coupons, fliers and community marketing are vital. Such a comprehensive marketing strategy ensures that the company is able to reap maximum benefits.It is important that planners in this organization pay attention to internet/online marketing. This will ensure that Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Search Engine Optimization (SEO), email marketing, content... Integrated Marketing Communication Essay - 275 Words Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Approach (Essay Sample) Content: Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) ApproachNameInstitutionIntegrated Marketing Communications (IMC) ApproachAbstractIntegrated Marketing Communications (IMC) Approach is a concept that emerged late in the 20th century. It is the utilization of unswerving brand messaging across innumerable marketing channels. ICM is thus an emerging approach aimed at establishing brands through messaging that conveys a seamless style and tone across social networking platforms. It also involves organizations dealing directly with their customers. This is done through e-mail marketing newsletters. The main goal of this process is to integrate an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customer-public relationship management roles. This is because online communications and its varied forms come mutually as a fused force. It maximizes the time and monetary marketing budgets usually used up in promoting the overarching product reputation.This paper will provide a detailed description of an IMC ap proach. It will also aim at providing an explanation of the rationale for choosing or rejecting certain specific elements in the IMC approach. It will also seek to delve into the changes are supposed to be made as the product/service matures. Towards this end, an explanation of the message that will be communicated through the brand based on the core strategy will be given. This will be followed by a formulation of how effective communication will meet the target market. The internet will provide an important platform on which to use the IMC approach. This will be coupled with an analysis of the most effective method for measuring advertising effectiveness will be assessed.The IMC components are usually based on a complete service or product understanding as well as the market it serves. This is because brands are viewed either unfavorably or favorably by consumers depending on the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s corporate culture. Email and social media marketing usually assist in the definition of an organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s corporate culture for both potential and existing customers (Belch et al, 2001). This is usually done through a consistent promotion of a brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s core message, logo or even style. IMC also calls for the employment of elaborate tracking analytics for any express marketing endeavor aimed at assessing customer responses. These include the use of marketing tools in the social media and web analytics, which entails marketing automation. This is normally enhanced through inbound marketing systems. ICM aims at creating a seamless and a unified brand experience targeting consumers across all marketing channels. It begins with the customer. Marketers are involved in a study of what consumers use. They then assess the impact of the messages they convey to their customers.Schultz and Wangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s 7-step Integrated Marketing Communications Planning ModelAccording to Schultz and Wangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s 7-step Integrated Marketing Communications p lanning model, segmentation classification is the first step. This involves segmentation of the customer base. It also involves studying the prospects of the product in the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s database. This entails paying attention to customer loyalty and brand modifications to suit the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ needs. The second step is the brand connection stage. This aptly analyzes the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customers or the information that is available in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s database. The customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes towards the product/service are assessed. A history of how customers enter into contact with the product/service is delved into. This ensures that the most appropriate situation, place and time to communicate with the customers are determined (Fitzgerald, 2001).The third step entails setting the marketing objectives. The marketing planner sets elaborate marketing objectives which are based on a comprehensive analysis. Fourthly, brand behavior objectives a re identified. Marketers are able to identify the appropriate brand contacts. A study of how changes in consumer attitudes influence purchase behavior is done. The fifth step entails setting of the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s communication strategies and objectives. The objectives are tailored-made to influence the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s purchase behavior, beliefs and attitudes. In the sixth step, the marketer is able to decide on what elements within the marketing mix, may it distribution, price or product can be used to enhance the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customer behavior.Lastly, the seventh step aims at determining what are the most appropriate communication tactics are vital as far as influencing consumer behavior is concerned. Media marketing, sales promotion, organizing special events and direct marketing are some of the communication tactics that promote a good corporate image. Objectives are set by marketers based on a comprehensive comprehension of the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ nee ds or even the prospects of improving product/service sales. More importantly, all modes of marketing are turned into communication and all communication into product/service marketing. These steps when followed appropriately will help the organization reach a wider market ((Schultz, 1993).The organizational culture, the 4 Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, advertising, internet/online marketing, customer sales service, public relations, promotions, trade shows and corporate philanthropy are the major Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) components. The organizational culture involves the establishment of elaborate mission and vision statements for the organization. A vision statement is drafted to outlines what the business organization would want to be. An ideal perception of the world is encapsulated.Towards this end, the organization identifies its potential obstacles. This helps in the crafting of innovative strategies integral to bolster the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s performance. The organiz ation looks at the resources that they have in terms of human, capital and financial resources in order to formulate the best approach to carry out the marketing process. The attitudes of business partners and employees are also brought on board. Understanding these attitudes will enable the marketing planners effectuate a realistic strategy that will address the primary needs of the consumers. Moreover, communication in the organization will need to be streamlined as it is the picture of the inward organizational culture and greatly influences the manner through which the organization is perceived by the outside world. It plays a critical in shaping how the external environment perceives the organization. Consequently, this determines how the consumers are going to behave towards the services/products from the organization (Kostant, 1996).The Four Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s will also be a very important component in the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) approach. The first P includes the price, bundled offerings and the pricing for the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products/services. The organization should set a price after carrying out a market survey to determine the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attitudes and the effect of either a price decrease or a price increase. The second P relates to assessing the product design, usability and accessibility. For the product/service to get a good market reception, it must be designed in manner that is appealing to the customers. Some customers even demand certain important product specifications. The organization should be able to address these significant customer needs. To bolster product accessibility, proper marketing should come in handy. This means that the Integrated Marketing Communication approach will play a vital role as far as improving the product/service marketability is concerned. The organization should ensure that the product/service is usable and that customers to not encounter difficulties while using the product.The third P involves promotion of the product/service. Planners ought to institute mechanisms that will ensure that all avenues that can bolster sales are utilized in a bid to reach out to the existing and potential customers. The last P relates to place. Planners should devise points of purchase, shopper/in-store experience. The main objective of this is to ensure that buyers easily access the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products/services.The company should also engage in intense advertisement. This should be done through mass/broadcasting advertisement, which is done through print, broadcasts, internet advertising, radio, television and commercials. Moreover, outdoor advertising, which entails the use of street furniture, rest areas, stadiums, taxis, transit, subway advertising and billboards is an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) technique that will ensure that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s products/service reach as many customers as possible. Online advertising is done through email ads , blogs, newsletters, media ads, classified ads, banner ads, search engine results page and mobile advertising will equally widen the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s customer base. This is an important avenue through which the company is able to communicate with its customers. This means that the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s marketing is communication and every communication is marketing.Lastly, direct marketing involving direct mails to existing and potential customers, catalogs, shopping channels, emails, internet sales, online display advertisements, promotion letters, outdoor advertisements, coupons, fliers and community marketing are vital. Such a comprehensive marketing strategy ensures that the company is able to reap maximum benefits.It is important that planners in this organization pay attention to internet/online marketing. This will ensure that Search Engine Marketing (SEM), Search Engine Optimization (SEO), email marketing, content...